LLM Conditioning Study Finds Steering Methods Trade Fluency for Effectiveness
AIApple researchers systematically tested LLM conditioning methods and found efficient activation steering often degrades fluency. Steering is far less effective on instruction-tuned models than base models, while prompting and full supervised fine-tuning work for concept injection but are weaker at concept removal. Cheap textual metrics correlate highly with costly LLM-as-judge scores.